Health Issues That Affect German Shepherd Life Expectancy
German Shepherds are at their peak between 2 and 6. They are at their best in terms of physical fitness and mental sharpness.
They are at greater risk for diseases of the musculoskeletal system, cancer, and other health issues that can affect their lifespan.
German Shepherds in the working line often live more active lives than their show line counterparts. They require a diet rich in nutrients to support their active lifestyle and demands for exercise.
Cushing's Disease
German Shepherds are susceptible to a variety of health issues such as hip dysplasia elbow dysplasia, degenerative myelopathy, and Cushing's disease. Understanding these ailments and taking the correct steps to prevent or treat them can allow your dog to have a longer lifespan. Regular veterinary visits, good nutrition, and regular exercise are the keys to good health for this large breed.
Cushing's disease (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when a pet's body produces too much cortisol, a natural steroid. A tumor in the pituitary or adrenal glands is the most frequent reason for the condition. In between 80% and 90% of cases, the tumor is located on the pituitary, which is a small organ located close to the brain's base. In approximately 15 percent of cases the tumor is located on one of the adrenal glands which are located on the top of the kidneys.
If a pet is suffering from Cushing's disease, it becomes more active and eats more frequently than normal. Cushing's also causes an increase in thirst and urination. As a result, the pet will need to drink more water and go outside more often for bathroom breaks. Other symptoms of the condition include hair loss, a bloated appearance, and a lack of energy.
A veterinarian can diagnose this disorder by drawing blood, and then performing the adrenocorticotropic hormone stimulation test. This test involves injecting ACTH into the patient and measuring their adrenal response. The results indicate how high or low his cortisol levels are.
If a dog is diagnosed with Cushing's Disease, it will require medication to duration of his life. This medication will control the symptoms and slow the growth of the cancer. If they are monitored properly and treated, most dogs with this condition be able to live normal lives. The condition can be fatal, however, if it's not treated and detected in the early stages.
Epilepsy
German Shepherds that are diagnosed and treated for epilepsy may be healthy and enjoy a happy life. However, a dog that suffers from seizures that are not controlled may die from oxygen deficiency or a traumatic injury that occurs during the course of a seizure. Untreated epilepsy may also lead to depression or a lack of appetite or drink, which can quickly turn fatal.
The way the owner manages the condition can influence the effects of epilepsy in German Shepherds. Owners who can be vigilant about their dog's medication and develop strategies to manage seizures and create a strong network of support, will be more likely to prolong their pet's lifespan.
As with other breeds of dog German Shepherds, too, suffer from dental diseases. If left untreated, this issue can cause severe damage to teeth and gums and may result in infections in other areas of the body, including the liver, kidneys and the heart. Dogs who receive regular professional dental care are less susceptible to this issue.
Shepherds are at a higher risk of bloat than many other breeds, because of their deep, narrow chests. This dangerous stomach disorder occurs when the intestines turn and fill with gas, causing a cutoff in blood flow to the stomach and spleen. If not addressed immediately this condition can become deadly in as little as half an hour. If your Shepherd is showing symptoms of bloat like Heaving, retching, or an enlarged stomach, or is in a prayer position (front feet are down, and the rear end is up) It is recommended to take them to an emergency vet right away.
German Shepherds who experience bloat are at a greater chance of developing hip dysplasia and degenerative myelopathy than other breeds. It is important to stay on top of your dog's medical care and preventative measures.
Elbow Dysplasia
The elbow is a hinge between the humerus (the long bone of the upper forelimb), as well as the radius and ulna, (the two bones of the lower forelimb). The three bones must fit together in a perfect way to withstand an entire lifetime of motion. If they don't match perfectly, elbow dysplasia can occur. It's the most frequent cause of lameness in front legs (limping) in dogs.
In some cases of the disease the cartilage between bones erodes and leads to swelling, pain, and lameness. The damage is not irreparable, so early diagnosis and treatment are crucial.
The earliest signs of the disease in dogs are a slight or intermittent limp, especially following exercise or upon getting up from a sitting position. As the disease advances the dog's elbow's range of motion decreases. There could also be fluid in the joint.
There are three kinds of elbow dysplasia. They are the Fragmented Coronoid Process (FCP), Osteochondrosis on the Humeral Condyle (OCH), and Ununited Aconeal Processing (UAP). Each of these conditions has a unique appearance on x-rays and can be seen in both elbows or one of them.
A thorough screening of the elbow and hip of breeding animals is currently the best way to prevent these issues. However, despite screenings, these conditions can still happen. The most effective approach is to only breed dogs that come from parents who have been proven to have healthy elbows. This will prevent the genes for elbow dysplasia being passed to offspring.
Degenerative Myelopathy
Degenerative Myelopathy is a neurological disease that gradually affects the spinal cord of German Shepherd dogs and causes weakness in the hind legs. The signs of DM usually manifest in older dogs and eventually progress to paralysis. The condition is regarded as the canine equivalent to amyotrophic lateral syndrome (Lou Gehrig's disease). Despite being genetically predisposed this disease, it is unclear why some dogs develop the disease whereas others do not.
Unfortunately, t here is no cure for DM. The symptoms can be treated with medication, however the condition can progress and can cause paralysis in the forelimbs. Some dogs can live for many months or years with a high quality of life. However, it is common for owners to opt for to kill their pet if they are in a position to walk or stand on its own.
Your veterinarian will conduct an examination of the neurological system and create a detailed medical history to diagnose DM. The neurologist checks for other diseases with similar clinical signs, and will request blood samples to determine the genetic mutation associated with this condition. A cerebrospinal fluid sample will also be taken to permit analysis and to exclude other diseases. The neurologists will likely suggest MRI imaging using our sophisticated diagnostic imaging services. This will allow your vet to identify the areas of the spinal cord affected by DM and track the progression of the disease over time. Physical rehabilitation therapy may be beneficial for DM sufferers and can slow the progression of the condition.
Intervertebral Disc Disease
German Shepherds are susceptible to health issues that could reduce their life expectancy. Understanding these conditions and the ways they impact your dog will aid you in taking preventative steps to ensure their longevity.
Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) occurs when the inside or outside of the spinal disk "donut" isn't remain where it is. Each disk is surrounded by an outer fibrous ring that is known as an annulus and a soft nucleus which absorbs impacts. If the nucleus becomes herniated, it can cause severe pain and paralysis. IVDD is typically a degenerative process, although sudden trauma can lead to herniation in dogs with weak disks.
Type I IVDD is defined by a sudden herniation of the spinal canal that is located in the nucleus of the disc. This causes intense back pain arching back, weakness of the rear limbs, and lameness in the hind limbs. This condition can also lead to weakening, incontinence, and incoordination. If the spinal cord is compressed and dies, your dog will become completely paralyzed and often unable to use their rear legs at all.
Type II IVDD is typically seen in dogs that are older. Normal wear and tear causes the annulus fibers to grow larger with fluid. This causes compression and herniation of the spine. Contrary to Type I IVDD, this form is not triggered by heavy exercise or trauma. Signs include a reluctance or inability to turn the head.